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 鼎力:浅谈冷库环境下仓储货架系统的设计要素

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Industry News
2020/01/15
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[Abstract]:
鼎力10多年来专注仓储货架设计、生产、销售、安装;种类齐全,价格优;鼎力用一流的技术造就出一流的品质,专人专业设计仓储货架方案,为企业解决各种仓储难题,让企业仓储工作更高效。咨询热线:18102581498!

冷库货架和一般仓储货架设计是差不多的,但是由于普通仓库在设计生产时没有特殊的要求,但冷库对材料和防锈涂料有一定的要求,这也是在设计上和普通仓库货架最大的区别之处。

 

 

在实际仓储货架系统各组件结构的冷脆性破坏分析及其计算中,最具代表性评价的参数有两个:构件的破坏强度,以及构件从塑性破坏向脆性破坏的临界转变温度。而这个临界转变温度是靠试验确定的,这样就增加了仓储货架系统在冷库环境下的设计难度和不确定性。因此在没有可靠数据和理论支撑的前提下,为避免此风险,必须改选抗低温冷脆性较好的钢材或者改变货架的结构型式,而不能采取加大截面或者选用料更厚的材料来处理。也就是说冲击韧性试验或者报告主要用于选材和确定钢的抗脆性破坏能力;或者根据钢材的铁素体晶粒大小进行计算和判定,铁素体晶粒大小与脆性转变温度的关系如下公式所示。

  T转变=A-mD-1/2

  公式中:A、m为常数;D为铁素体晶粒;T转变为脆性转变温度。

  从公式中可以看出,铁素体晶粒越小,脆性转变温度越低,低温韧性越好。

 

 

1、试验数据保证

不是说钢材的冲击韧性指标合格,其设计强度指标就没有变化,在一定温度条件下,会随着温度的下降而降低。所以有必要测定相应钢材试件从塑性破坏到脆性破坏的临界转变温度T 和破坏强度f 。在试验中,选择相同结构型式和尺寸试件加工若干个,并分组(每组不少于3个)在不同温度下进行。

也可以有选择性地在实际的冷库环境中进行低温拉伸试验,或者足尺实载试验、冲击韧性试验,以判断设计合理性。实际上就是将其转化为强度折减的方法进行设计计算。即,在某个临界温度点(T转变)假想的折减系数为1,凡是高于T 转变的使用环境下就不需要考虑断裂设计的情况,低于T转变以下的某个范围内则依据材料试验结果拟定出强度折减影响系数,并依此来界定出相应冷库环境下的仓储货架系统设计标准和强度折减影响系数;再依据常规货架钢结构设计方式和方法处理,从而实现仓储货架系统在冷库环境下的合理、安全的应用。

 

 

2、结构措施

由于温度应力的客观存在,尤其是货架结构多由单元结构成组连接而形成较长的结构体,从而将各单元组所形成的温度应力的聚集效应突显并可能造成结构的破坏,因此针对冷库环境下的仓储货架整体结构特点,结合库存作业及物流动向,可对仓储货架系统进行分块处理,以减少结构整体受温度应力的累积极限大值的影响,并在货架结构中多采用间隙配合与装配,或者在整体结构内嵌入长圆孔结构可调节长度与装配尺寸的特殊单元、或可调节单元组架等辅助货架单元,来适应环境温度的变化与释放温度应力。

也就是在冷库内的分块货架单元的纵向与横向的中部选取一榀适当的货架单元,通过这榀货架单元将某块货架钢结构分隔开来,然后将任一部分上的所有纵向构件、横向构件与该榀货架单元的连接节点都做成可滑动的连接节点,则这个整块货架结构在工作时可通过这些节点构造的滑动伸缩来释放温度应力。这些构件与货架单元的连接节点采用了长圆孔加螺栓连接的做法,再加上货架钢结构自身的冷弯薄壁构件的弹性和柔性,极大地满足了仓储货架系统在冷库环境下的广泛而有效应用。

3、其他可能影响因素的考虑

如采用可调节高度的货架底座,以减少地面不均匀性沉降对货架结构强度的影响,采用与地面接触部件先镀锌再烤漆处理的工艺,来有效提高货架组件的耐潮湿耐腐蚀性,以确保仓储货架系统结构的完整性等,都在一定程度上有效保证了仓储货架系统在冷库环境下的广泛而有效应用。

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