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鼎力:冷链物流仓库环境下仓储货架的选材依据要注意哪些要素?

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Industry News
2020/01/15
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[Abstract]:
鼎力货架行业最佳品牌,直接生产,货期快,专业性好,可根据不同客户量身订做,终身保固!更多货架产品详情请登陆鼎力阿里巴巴店铺:https://shop39784qw0895r8.1688.com/?spm=a2615work.11851524.0.0.Fw4sxi或拨打我们24小时服务热线:18102581498!

 

冷库(cold storage),利用降温设施创造适宜的湿度和低温条件的仓库。又称冷藏库。是加工、贮存产品的场所。能摆脱气候的影响,延长各种产品的贮存期限,以调节市场供应。

冷库是冷链物流很重要的一个节点,而货架是货物存储的基础设备,货架是冷库内很普遍应用的一种货物存储结构。由于冷库长期处于低温、高湿及温湿度变化频繁的环境中,我们在进行冷库货架设计时,必须考虑温度对货架结构的影响,甚至还需要考虑冷库货架的防腐性等。

 

 

仓储货架处于低温环境下,货架钢结构组件受低温的影响而引起收缩以及受到货架柱与基础的约束时就要产生应力,即温度应力,极易发生货架钢结构及其部件的脆性破坏。业内习惯上把低温下的脆性破坏称为“低温冷脆现象”(低温通常是指低于-15℃的温度)。这种“低温冷脆现象”主要表现为脆性破坏的突然性,没有明显的塑性变形,而且构件破坏时的承载能力很低。这就需要针对低温环境中的货架的设计与验证提出科学的方法和设计理论。那么在冷库环境下货架的选材依据要注意哪些呢?

 

 

  目前,在国内的《钢结构设计规范》(GB50017-2003)仍是通过控制钢材的冲击韧性指标对钢结构的低温断裂进行控制的,无法对低温脆性断裂的发生进行准确的计算,存在着不合理的地方。《冷弯薄壁型钢结构技术规范》(GB50018-2002)仅规定,用于承重结构的冷弯薄壁型钢的带钢或钢板,应具有抗拉强度、伸长率、屈服强度、冷弯试验和硫、磷含量的合格保证;对焊接结构应具有碳含量的合格保证缺乏详细的规定与描述,仅从钢材的牌号和材性去限定。

 

 

  我们分析货架中的梁部件、可调节地脚或者焊接地脚等多为焊接部件,存在一定的焊接残余应力;而货架型材,如立柱、横梁、横斜补等,多为冷弯加工,既存在弯角部的局部冷作硬化,也存在冷弯成型工艺性影响或冲压工艺作用后的孔洞影响及其加工微裂纹等。但是否需要从考虑疲劳的角度进行货架材料选用,这里是有争论的。从材料选用的大原则来说,就是不能选用Q235的沸腾钢作为主要材料用于冷库环境下的货架钢结构系统。

 

 

  钢材的冲击韧性是指,处在简支梁状态的金属试样在冲击负荷作用下折断时的冲击吸收功,是指材料在冲击载荷作用下吸收塑性变形功和断裂功的能力,常用标准试样的冲击功Ak表示,它是衡量材料承受冲击负荷的抗力指标。Ak值基本上是强度和塑性两者的函数,当强度和塑性同时增加时,Ak值也随之增加;当强度和塑性同时降低时,Ak值也会降低。不过,塑性的影响比强度要大些。钢材的冲击韧性与钢材的化学成分、组织状态,以及冶炼、加工等都有关系。例如,钢材中磷、硫含量较高,存在偏析、非金属夹杂物和焊接中形成的微裂纹等都会使冲击韧性显著降低。冲击韧性也随温度的降低而下降,其规律是:开始下降缓和,当达到一定温度范围时,突然下降很多而呈脆性,这种性质称为钢材的冷脆性。

 

 

从上面我们可以看出:冷库环境下的货架如何选用钢材不当,易发生冷脆性的危害或者结构破坏的可能。常规选用的Q235-B是没有低温韧性要求的,Q235-B只保证在20℃的情况下的冲击值,不适合在低温条件下作为主要受力件使用。在冷库环境下的货架选用钢材也不是简单地确定为Q235D或者Q235E等。Q235AQ235BQ235CQ235DQ235E是材料等级的区分,其所代表的主要是不同温度条件下的钢材冲击韧性指标试验保证,分别为:Q235A 级,是不做冲击;Q235B 级,是20 ℃常温冲击;Q235C级,是0 ℃冲击;Q235D级,是-20 ℃冲击;Q235E,是-40℃冲击。在不同的冲击温度,冲击的数值也有所不同。

而钢材的元素含量:A、BCD的硫含量依次递减;AB 的磷含量相同,C的磷含量次之,D磷含量最少。同样Q345系列也是如此。为此,必须依据实际使用冷库的温度环境,选择具有相应温度级别下的冲击韧性的合格保证。

 

 

鼎力货架行业最佳品牌,直接生产,货期快,专业性好,可根据不同客户量身订做,终身保固!更多货架产品详情请登陆鼎力阿里巴巴店铺:https://shop39784qw0895r8.1688.com/?spm=a2615work.11851524.0.0.Fw4sxi或拨打我们24小时服务热线:18102581498

 

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